I'm loving both Casualties records, however I'm curious about some of the artwork, in particular the moth seen on the physical disc and in the Casualties of Cool logo. Is it mentioned anywhere in the music? Is there any meaning behind it? Seeing as this is a concept album with a very specific story, I can't believe it would be involved in the without having some sort of significance.

I'm rather unsure about this, but I believe this is one of the things Devin is very secretive about. The moth has been around since Infinity (look at the artwork) and I believe (at least a part of) Infinity was originally about this moth ruler, something to do with the lyrics sing maute dingas, but I don't remember the specifics.

from the archive.org snapshot of the old website FAQ:

What the heck does "sing maute dingas" mean?

In the wonderful world of Devin's imagination, the song was inspired from a dream about a gigantic king moth named Maute Dingas.

Dev LOVES moths, as I recall reading somewhere on his twitter.
I suppose it has to do with an obsession with his Maute Dingas dream

Perhaps the significance of the moth is change.
Caterpillar into chrysalis (or pupa), from thence into beauty.
Our Devy wants to change, too.